Lighthouse

Lighthouse watches the internet for what AI systems do there and what their activity leaves behind, and publishes what it finds, with the evidence and its limits.

Studies LH035

Literature search results (titles and URLs as returned, written down before any was opened)

P1 "internet-wide scanning engines coverage comparison Censys Shodan evaluation paper" (2 Nov 2026)

  1. Online Discoverability and Vulnerabilities of ICS/SCADA Devices in the Netherlands | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.02019
  2. Censys, Ten Years Later: Evaluating Censys' Performance | https://censys.com/blog/evaluating-censys-performance/
  3. Censys, Ten Years Later: Evaluating Censys' Performance | https://censys.com/?p=851
  4. censys 2025 | https://zakird.com/papers/censys-2025.pdf
  5. The Importance of Poppin' Fresh Data | https://censys.com/?p=1104
  6. The Importance of Poppin' Fresh Data | https://censys.com/blog/the-importance-of-poppin-fresh-data/
  7. the results are clear censys finds new services faster than shodan | https://censys.com/the-results-are-clear-censys-finds-new-services-faster-than-shodan/
  8. madweb2021 23009 paper | https://www.ndss-symposium.org/wp-content/uploads/madweb2021_23009_paper.pdf
  9. Multi-Engine Framework for Vulnerability Detection in the Brazilian Internet | https://sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/sbrc/article/view/29793
  10. greynoise research finds censys scan data is fastest most comprehensive | https://censys.com/greynoise-research-finds-censys-scan-data-is-fastest-most-comprehensive/

P2 "top list stability manipulation Tranco Alexa Umbrella measurement paper" (2 Nov 2026)

  1. arxiv.org | https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.01156.pdf
  2. tranco-list.eu | https://tranco-list.eu/methodology
  3. Samaneh Tajalizadehkhoob | https://labs.ripe.net/Members/samaneh_tajalizadehkhoob_1/the-tale-of-website-popularity-rankings
  4. tranco ndss19.pdf | https://lepoch.at/files/tranco-ndss19.pdf
  5. Tranco: A Research-Oriented Top Sites Ranking Hardened Against Manipulation | https://alphaxiv.org/abs/1806.01156
  6. xie usenix2022 | https://faculty.cc.gatech.edu/~frankli/papers/xie_usenix2022.pdf
  7. Tranco: A Research-Oriented Top Sites Ranking | https://ar5iv.labs.arxiv.org/html/1806.01156
  8. A Long Way to the Top: | https://ar5iv.arxiv.org/html/1805.11506
  9. Tranco final | https://Acsac.org/2022/program/artifacts_competition/Tranco-final.pdf
  10. tranco evaluation cset19.pdf | https://lepoch.at/files/tranco-evaluation-cset19.pdf

P3 "certificate transparency logs coverage measurement study paper" (2 Nov 2026)

  1. Postcertificates for Revocation Transparency | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.02280
  2. arxiv.org | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.01441
  3. ct first look | https://cs.gmu.edu/~eoster/2019-795/2019-795-papers/ct-first-look.pdf
  4. www.ida.liu.se | https://www.ida.liu.se/~nikca89/papers/pam17.pdf
  5. pam18ctlog slides | https://www.net.in.tum.de/fileadmin/bibtex/publications/papers/pam18ctlog-slides.pdf
  6. imc16 certperspectives | https://faculty.cc.gatech.edu/~mbailey/publications/imc16_certperspectives.pdf
  7. link.springer.com | https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/978-3-319-76481-8_13
  8. arxiv.org | https://www.arxiv.org/pdf/1612.03005
  9. 10.1007%2F978 3 319 54328 4 7 | https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-54328-4_7.pdf
  10. ieee-security.org | https://www.ieee-security.org/TC/EuroSP2016/posters/number19.pdf

P4 "BGP route collectors visibility public vantage points coverage RouteViews RIS paper" (2 Nov 2026)

  1. Thomas Holterbach | https://labs.ripe.net/author/thomas-holterbach/the-next-generation-of-bgp-data-collection-platforms/
  2. The next generation of BGP data collection platforms | https://RIPE.net/documents/3772/The_next_generation_of_BGP_data_collection_platforms.pdf
  3. gmi3 talfroy | https://gmi3s.caida.org/reports/aims/gmi3_talfroy.pdf
  4. arpi.unipi.it | https://arpi.unipi.it/handle/11568/157142
  5. How complete is our view of the Internet? | https://blog.apnic.net/2019/08/15/how-complete-is-our-view-of-the-internet/
  6. orbi.uliege.be | https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/164735/1/main.pdf
  7. ripe ris | https://robtex.com/en/sources/ripe-ris
  8. Measuring Internet Routing from the Most Valuable Points | https://arxiv.org/html/2405.13172
  9. [163011] in North American Network Operators' Group | https://diswww.mit.edu/charon/nanog/163011
  10. Thomas Holterbach University of Strasbourg next gen BGP data collection | https://www.swinog.ch/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Thomas_Holterbach-University_of_Strasbourg-next-gen_BGP_data_collection.pdf

P5 "RIPE Atlas probe placement bias representativeness measurement paper" (2 Nov 2026)

  1. Bias in Internet Measurement Platforms | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.09958
  2. Day in the Life of RIPE Atlas: Operational Insights and Applications in Network Measurements | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.22474
  3. ripe85.ripe.net | https://ripe85.ripe.net/archives/steno/52
  4. On Sep 14, 2013, at 9:16 PM, Randy Bush wrote: | https://lists-ext-2.ripe.net/archives/list/ripe-atlas@ripe.net/message/4L5UQGGVDMKALKFSIKM5QH4U3EHL3LGU/
  5. On Sep 14, 2013, at 9:16 PM, Randy Bush wrote: | https://mailman.ripe.net/archives/list/ripe-atlas@ripe.net/message/4L5UQGGVDMKALKFSIKM5QH4U3EHL3LGU/
  6. Romain Fontugne | https://www.bohrium.com/scholar/33d668Q2/Romain_Fontugne
  7. arxiv.org | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.22474v1
  8. lists-ext-2.ripe.net | https://lists-ext-2.ripe.net/archives/list/ripe-atlas@ripe.net/message/CWZF4ZXMPHXB2I2MNLJMKRE2NGVHZQZI
  9. 45 AI4NetMon final ripe84 | https://ripe84.ripe.net/presentations/45-AI4NetMon-final-ripe84.pdf
  10. www.ripe.net | https://www.ripe.net/ripe/mail/archives/ripe-atlas/2013-September/001021.html

P6 "HTTP Archive web crawl landing pages representativeness internal pages measurement paper" (2 Nov 2026)

  1. skip to main content | https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10318921
  2. On Landing and Internal Web Pages | https://www.aminer.org/pub/61c7793f5244ab9dcbc350b1/on-landing-and-internal-web-pages
  3. Software Testing at the Network Layer: | https://arxiv.org/html/2602.08242v1
  4. Software Testing at the Network Layer: | https://arxiv.org/html/2602.08242v4
  5. par.nsf.gov | https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10202310
  6. How representative is a website's homepage? | https://discuss.httparchive.org/t/how-representative-is-a-websites-homepage/1594
  7. scholars.duke.edu | https://scholars.duke.edu/individual/pub1469254
  8. scholars.duke.edu | https://scholars.duke.edu/publication/1469254
  9. LLMpediaThe first transparent, open encyclopedia generated by LLMs | https://llmpedia.scads.ai/gpt-5-mini/HTTP_Archive.html
  10. arxiv.org | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2602.08242

P7 "network telescope darknet visibility limitations internet background radiation measurement paper" (2 Nov 2026)

  1. arts.units.it | https://arts.units.it/bitstream/11368/3025204/1/main.pdf
  2. iris.polito.it | https://iris.polito.it/bitstream/11583/2756252/1/main.pdf
  3. iris.polito.it | https://iris.polito.it/retrieve/handle/11583/2756252/275556
  4. through smaller lens | https://www.caida.org/catalog/papers/2026_through_smaller_lens/through_smaller_lens.pdf
  5. ibr imc15 | https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~snoeren/papers/ibr-imc15.pdf
  6. ant.isi.edu | https://ant.isi.edu/events/secdai2024/P/p12.pdf
  7. How to Operate a Meta-Telescope in your Spare Time | https://repository.tudelft.nl/record/uuid:c82dcad3-f30e-41bc-815f-22b1147a5cac
  8. par.nsf.gov | https://par.nsf.gov//servlets/purl/10496492
  9. research.tudelft.nl | https://research.tudelft.nl/files/163773225/3618257.3624831.pdf
  10. mmcgm lloln 25 | https://netd.cs.tu-dresden.de/pub/mmcgm-lloln-25.html

P8 "CISA KEV catalog coverage exploitation evidence evaluation paper EPSS" (2 Nov 2026)

  1. [Revue de papier] Efficacy of EPSS in High Severity CVEs found in KEV | https://www.themoonlight.io/fr/review/efficacy-of-epss-in-high-severity-cves-found-in-kev
  2. [Literature Review] Efficacy of EPSS in High Severity CVEs found in KEV | https://www.themoonlight.io/en/review/efficacy-of-epss-in-high-severity-cves-found-in-kev
  3. arxiv.org | https://arxiv.org/html/2411.02618v1
  4. arxiv.org | https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.02618
  5. EPSS and CISA KEV | https://riskbasedprioritization.github.io/epss/EPSS_and_CISA_KEV
  6. Prioritization to Prediction, Vol. 9 | https://www.cyentia.com/?p=24178
  7. CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog: A Performance Review | https://www.greynoise.io/blog/evaluating-cisa-kev
  8. kev cisa known exploited vulnerabilities catalog | https://www.indusface.com/learning/kev-cisa-known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog/
  9. Security Operations, Vulnerability Management, Patch/Configuration Management | https://www.scworld.com/brief/new-paper-and-tool-enhance-cisa-kev-vulnerability-prioritization
  10. EPSS vs KEV | https://radicalnotion.ai/learn/epss-vs-kev

(All eight literature searches done and every result written down before any was opened.)

From studies/LH035/data/lit_raw.md in the repository, last changed 2 November 2026.